Lublin Castle is a structure whose origins date back to the 12th century, when a wooden and earthen stronghold was built on the hill. In the 13th century, a brick defensive and residential tower (donjon) was erected, which is the oldest surviving part of the complex. In the 14th century, during the reign of King Casimir the Great, additional walls and the Gothic Holy Trinity Church were constructed, serving as the royal chapel. Funded by King Władysław Jagiełło, the chapel’s